Representation and Ethics in Cartoons

Why does the writer of the article believe Rio 2 is problematic in terms of its representations?

Rio 2 can be seen as prejudice in areas, due to the lead characters being voiced by white Americans, when they are born and raised in Rio (excluding Blu). The point  Steve Rose is trying to make, is that  the animation industry is made up of mainly American voice actors, and there are little roles for other ethnicity's' and when other ethnicities are used to voice characters, it is often for a stereotypical reason. He states an example of this, saying most African-American voice actors play the stereotypical part of the comedic sidekicks. 

He also mentions that skin colour is a problem in the film, as the humans shown in Rio 2, are supposed to be Brazilian, but have distinctly lighter skin then most people you would find in Brazil. 

What are PEPs and why are they an issue for racial representation?

PEP stands for Problem Context, Entertainment Context, and Performance Context. This is something a man named Dr Charles Da Costa has come up with. Dr Charles Da Costa is an English lecturer who studies and writes about racial stereotyping in animation and believes that genotypes such as black ethnicities, need to be associated with  troubling circumstances, which is a racist stereotype.  

Why does Da Costa believe we end up with stereotypes in animation?

Da Costa believes we end up with stereotypes because the film industry needs to think more about money and buisness, then moral obligations, and they think about what will make more money instead of what is right.

What does Turbo say about social mobility?

Steve Rose states that social mobility is only available to white characters in animations, as many animations for example Turbo, are based around a white voiced character, being helped,supported and re-enforced  by many other ethnicities, such as the comedic side kick voiced by Samuel L Jackson, Snoop Dogg, and Michelle Rodriguez.